Physics

The centre of mass

The one point a shape behaves as though all its weight is at.

A dark steel wrecking ball on a rod swinging into a stack of four wooden crates stencilled this way up, fragile, keep dry and do not stack more than ten.

Every shape has a point where its weight can be taken to act. Hold it there and it does not turn; support it anywhere else and it does. For a uniform block that point is the middle; for an L it is out in the air where there is no shape at all, which is why an L balanced on its corner falls over.

A stack stands up as long as the centre of mass of everything above a joint stays over the base underneath it. That is the whole of why a tower of blocks falls when one is nudged: not because it was pushed hard, but because the weight above moved past the edge.

In the app a shape's balance point can be moved off its middle, and the shape then hangs off that point. A meter on a body reads its position, which is the position of the centre of mass rather than of the drawing.

Open the stack scene in the app to watch this one run.

The rest of it